التعويضات السنية Prosthodontics وتشمل
الجسور الثابتة Fixed bridges والزرعات Implants
الطقوم الكاملة المتحركة removable complete denture
الطقوم الجزئية المتحركة removable partial denture
معالجة و إصلاح الأسنان Operative Dentistry وتشمل:
تشخيص تسوس الأسنان caries diagnosis
الوقايه والحد من انتشار تسوس الاسنان management of dental caries
تبييض الأسنان Dentalbleaching
تجميل الأسنان cosmetic dentistry
حشوات الأسنان Dental Fillings
معالجة لب الأسنان Endodontics
معالجة الأسنان المجهرية microscopic endodontics
طب الأسنان الوقائي Preventive Dentistry
تقويم الأسنان Orthodontics
جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
طب أسنان الأطفال Pedodontics
أمراض اللثة
أمراض الأنسجة المحيطة بالأسنان Periodontics
زراعة الأسنان Dental Implantology
أشعة الأسنان Dental Radiology
طب الأسنان الشرعي Forensic Dentistry
طب الفم Oral Medicine
أمراض الفم Oral Pathology
أنسجة الفم والأسنان Oral Histology
المادة السنية Dental material
تشريح الأسنانDental anatomy
مواضيع متعلقة بطب الأسنان
طب الأسنان للرضع
جراحة الأسنان
أسنان
طقم أسنان
طب الاسنان في الاردن
طب الأسنان في جميع أنحاء العالم

Diet and nutrition in pediatric dentistry
Teresa A. Marshall, PhD, RD
Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa,
N335 Dental Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
A child’s diet, defined as the combination of foods consumed and the
nutrients contained therein, has the profound ability to influence cognition,
behavior, and emotional development in addition to ultimate physical
growth and development. Food is merely a vehicle for nutrient delivery;
nutrients provide energy for growth, serve as structural components, and
participate in all metabolic functions of the body. Food, however, is more
than just nutrients: sensory, emotional, social, and cultural associations
influence food choices. The complex relationships among diet, physiologic
requirements, and psychologic influences, as well as implications for oral
health are reviewed in this article.
Normal growth and development
Normal physical growth is defined as achievement of gradual increments in
weight, height, and head circumference that parallel a standard growth
trajectory and as final attainment of an adult size consistent with genetic
potential. Normal development is defined as progressive physical, emotional,
psychologic, and cognitive maturation ending in a mature state. Both the
quantity and quality of food choices have the potential to enhance or
interfere with normal growth and development. Physicians and dietitians
typically use physical growth as an indicator that nutrient intake is appropriate
for achievement of expected growth and development.
Standards for comparison of growth parameters have recently been
revised by the National Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) to better represent racial and ethnic diversity
and differing patterns of growth between human milk–fed and formula-fed
infants [1]. The CDC charts provide age-specific and gender-specific
guidelines for weight and height from birth through 20 years of age, head

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