Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

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1. Introduction
The discovery of tumor suppressor genes, whose loss predisposes to tumor
development, has revolutionized the molecular analysis of cancer (1–3). By definition, tumor suppressor genes are genetically linked to a cancer. For example,
the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor was first identified as a gene that
was specifically lost in familial RB (4–6). The majority of tumor suppressors
4 Knudsen and Angus
has been identified based on linkage analysis and subsequent epidemiological
studies, however, initial understanding of their mode of action was relatively
limited. As the number of tumor suppressors has increased, understanding the
mechanism through which tumor suppressors function has become an important
aspect of cancer biology.
In general, tumors exhibit uncontrolled proliferation. This phenotype can
arise from loss of tumor suppressors that regulate progression through the cell
cycle (e.g., RB or p16ink4a) or upstream mitogenic signaling (e.g., NF1 or PTEN)
cascades (1,3,7–9). Thus, specific tumor suppressors can function to suppress proliferation. However, not all tumor suppressors act in this manner. For example,
mismatch repair factors (e.g., MSH2 or MLH-1) lost in hereditary nonpolyposis
colorectal cancer (HNPCC) function not to inhibit proliferation, but to prevent
further mutations (10–12). Additionally, other tumor suppressors have multiple functions, for example, p53 can function to either induce cell death or halt
cell-cycle progression (9,13).
Functional analysis of tumor suppressors relies on a host of methods to determine how or if they inhibit proliferation. Later, we will focus on methods that
have been used to assess the antimitogenic potential of the RB-pathway (2,3,7,
14). However, these same approaches are amenable to any tumor suppressor or
antimitogenic molecule.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology