Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

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In this thesis we are concerned with constructing algorithms that address problems of biological relevance. This activity is part of a broader interdisciplinary
area called computational biology, or bioinformatics, that focuses on utilizing the capacities of computers to gain knowledge from biological data. The
majority of problems in computational biology relate to molecular or evolutionary biology, and focus on analyzing and comparing the genetic material of
organisms. One deciding factor in shaping the area of computational biology
is that DNA, RNA and proteins that are responsible for storing and utilizing
the genetic material in an organism, can be described as strings over finite alphabets. The string representation of biomolecules allows for a wide range of
algorithmic techniques concerned with strings to be applied for analyzing and
comparing biological data. We contribute to the field of computational biology
by constructing and analyzing algorithms that address problems of relevance to
biological sequence analysis and structure prediction.
The genetic material of organisms evolves by discrete mutations, most prominently substitutions, insertions and deletions of nucleotides. Since the genetic
material is stored in DNA sequences and reflected in RNA and protein sequences, it makes sense to compare two or more biological sequences to look
for similarities and differences that can be used to infer the relatedness of the
sequences. In the thesis we consider the problem of comparing two sequences
of coding DNA when the relationship between DNA and proteins is taken into
account. We do this by using a model that penalizes an event on the DNA by
the change it induces on the encoded protein. We analyze the model in detail, and construct an alignment algorithm that improves on the existing best
alignment algorithm in the model by reducing its running time by a quadratic
factor. This makes the running time of our alignment algorithm equal to the
running time of alignment algorithms based on much simpler models.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology