Troubleshooting with the command line 

The command line contains a powerful suite of tools that can be utilised in a variety of ways. This guide will show you how to use some common tools to diagnose issues with websites, domain names and DNS.

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2
Overview of the command line tools .................................................................................... 2
Accessing and setting up the command line interface ............................................................. 3
Useful Commands ............................................................................................................... 5
Ping ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Whois......................................................................................................................................... 8
NSlookup ................................................................................................................................. 12
Tracert ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Pathping .................................................................................................................................. 20
Netstat ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Telnet ...................................................................................................................................... 26
IPConfig ................................................................................................................................... 34
Troubleshooting websites.................................................................................................. 37
404 errors (Page cannot be displayed) ................................................................................... 37
I can’t see the changes I made to my website ........................................................................ 38
Troubleshooting email ....................................................................................................... 39
I can’t send email .................................................................................................................... 39
I can’t receive email ................................................................................................................ 40
Troubleshooting Broadband .............................................................................................. 41
Slow connection ...................................................................................................................... 41
Unable to connect ................................................................................................................... 42
Appendix .......................................................................................................................... 43
Additional Ping options ........................................................................................................... 43
List of useful Whois Servers .................................................................................................... 43
NSlookup options .................................................................................................................... 46
NSlookup Error Messages ....................................................................................................... 47
Telnet Email commands .......................................................................................................... 48
IPConfig Additional Switches ................................................................................................... 50
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Most calls to Fasthosts customer services team can be resolved without the need for “in-house” tools or “special access”, and can be diagnosed quickly and easily using command line tools built into most operating systems. This guide will show you how common command line tools can be used to diagnose most enquiries.
This guide will focus on the command line tools that are most relevant to you and web hosting, although these tools are also useful in diagnosing a number of other faults or issues your computer may experience over time. It concentrates on command line tools as these remain the same for each operating system, and are unlikely to change over time.
Each chapter contains a tool, how it works, and how it is useful to you and your business. First let’s look at the reasons why we need these tools.
We will be looking at 8 different tools in this guide, a brief description can be found below:
 Ping: Allows you to check the IP address of a website.
 Whois: Provides you with information regarding a domain name, allowing you to check that the domain itself is operating correctly.
 NSLookup: Allows you to check the IP address of other services, such as mail, matrixstats etc.
 Tracert: Checks the actual route across the internet to a website.
 Pathping: Provides further information regarding the route to a website, with each step of the route tested.
 NetStat: Allows you to see the status of any connections on your computer.
Quick tip: At the end of this guide are troubleshooting flowcharts, allowing you to work through most customer issues you are likely to encounter as you grow your business.

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